@article{oai:seijo.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004276,
 author = {KUBOTA, Mikio},
 issue = {180},
 journal = {成城文藝, The Seijo Bungei : the Seijo University arts and literature quarterly},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {P(論文), Purposes: Previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies of syntactic processing by first language (L1) speakers revealed an early syntactic component peaking at around 150ms after within-phrase violations in German (Knosche et al. 1999, Friederici et al. 2000) and English (Kubota 2002). The current study examined whether this component would apply to English c-selection violations and whether it would be observed in both L1 speakers and second language (L2) learners. Methods: Subjects were 5 American L1 adults and 5 Japanese advanced L2 learners. Stimuli consisted of 400 English sentences categorized into 4 conditions, grammatical and ungrammatical versions of two structures with infinitive (I) and gerund (G) complements: for example, I(a) He happened to use it, I(b) He postponed to use it, G(a) He postponed using it, G(b) He happened using it. MEG responses were recorded with a dual 37-channel gradiometer system (MAGNES II, BTi). The task was to listen to the stimuli and make a covert grammaticality judgment. Results: A prominent magnetic syntactic field component peaking at approximately 150 ms (so called "SF-M150") was generated by a syntactic violation of the G(b) condition in the left hemisphere of L1 speakers and L2 learners. Such a prominent component was not observed in any other condition for L1 and L2 groups. Conclusion: There exists a neural response, labeled the SF-M150 component, associated with c-selection violations of infinitives in English for both L1 and L2 speakers. L2 learners may possess similar pre-attentive neuronal mechanisms as L1 speakers for syntactic parsing of infinitive c-selection violations.},
 pages = {166--148},
 title = {Neuromagnetic Evidence of Early Syntactic Responses to C-selection Violations of English Infinitives and Gerunds by L1 and L2 Speakers},
 year = {2002}
}